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Sensors attached to various parts of the car which transmit information such as fuel consumption, engine revolutions per minute, and transmission gear selection to a remote computer. Teams are not allowed to use it during race events

This means a car is pushing--the front tires aren't turning well through turns because they have less traction than the rear tires

A time control station manned by rally officials. Crews must arrive to such a station on exact minute as decreed by schedule, early or late arrivals are penalized with ten seconds per one minute of time difference. Usually there are time controls on both ends of stages, entrance and exit to service areas and parc ferme

Electronic device supplied by the official appointed timekeepers. Transmits and receives signals from trackside timing recorders. This is obligatory in all F1 racing cars

Electrified slip covers designed to keep new tyres warm at the trackside, prior to being mounted on a car during a Pit stop. The normal operating temperature of the tyres ranges from 80 to 90 degrees centigrade. The warmth or higher temperature in the rubber compound creates better track adhesion during a race

In NASCAR, two members of the pit crew; one changes the front tires while another changes the rear tires. In open wheel racing, there are four tire changers - one on each tire

A bar extending from the rear end to the chassis that keeps the tires centered

A computer-controlled electronic system that can sense the onset of wheelspin and rapidly controls the power output characteristics of the engine to eliminate it.

Attached to the bottom of race cars, a transponder is a radio transmitter which electronically monitors lap times around a track and is used for scoring

The truck that moves all cars and their equipment from circuit to circuit.

A modified oval race track with an additional slight turn. The turn is usually located mid-way down the frontstretch, the section between the last turn and the first turn, and is often termed a "dogleg."

The center section of an open-wheel car. The engine and suspension are attached to it

The situation that results when a car has more grip at the rear than the front. Depending on the severity of the understeer, the car can either run slightly wide when cornering or, in extreme cases, it can go off the road nose-first

A circle or square in a fenced-in area where a driver celebrates a winning finish with his family, owners, crew and sponsors

Term NASCAR crew chiefs use for adjusting the weight on the car’s chassis. A jackscrew can be turned to either add or subtract pressure from the coil spring, thus shifting the weight and altering the car’s handling. ‘‘A round of wedge’’ means turning the jackscrew one time

Since weight transfer is critical to traction, vehicles are set up to provide a desired weight transfer to the rear wheels. When the vehicle accelerates, the front wheels lift and the weight shifts to the rear wheels, which makes them less likely to spin

Cables are fitted to prevent the wheels becoming separated from the car in an accident. Also called wheel teathers

The distance between the front and rear axles

Used to prevent excessive front wheel lift

A Tunnel which is used to test the effects that moving air has on racing cars. Air is forced through the tunnel at different speeds, the effects are measured by special wind gauges and electronic devices

Nylon mesh screens attached to the driver's window keep the driver inside the car in the event of an accident

On the front, sides and rear of an open-wheel car, they fine-tune the handling

Introduced 1997 as a new way to homologate Group A cars. Earlier all cars homologated were required to be available to the public, thus one could buy such classic cars like Toyota Celica or Lancia Integrale. However, not every manufacturer wanted to offer such, usually very expensive, car in their model range. To attract more manufacturers in World Rallying, FIA allowed construction of cars by taking any sufficiently produced platform, which could then be fitted with 4WD drive and 2 liter turbo engine, even if no such model existed in the range, to create Group A rally car. Because of this, there are no high performance variants of Ford Focus or Toyota Corolla even though they win rallies in WRC form

Top level of global rallying run by FIA, consists of rallies held around the world. Winner of the series is declared World Champion of that season

Small, midships-mounted wings, also dubbed "wing towers" and "candleabra". These were intended to provide additional "clean-air" DOWNFORCE near the center of the car to compensate for the loss of aerodynamic downforce from the front wing experienced when travelling close to another car. This innovative piece of design was banned by the FIA on safety grounds in 1998

Before the stage is opened to rally cars, it is run through by three so-called zero-cars 0, 00 and 000. Their aim is to check that road is in safe condition and warn spectators about the arrival of first full speed rally car